@article{eprints1182,
           month = {June},
          volume = {76},
          number = {26},
           pages = {4983--4986},
           title = {Branching processes and evolution at the ends of a food chain},
            year = {1996},
       publisher = {American Physical Society},
         journal = {Physical Review Letters},
            note = {{\copyright} 1996 American Physical Society},
          author = {Guido Caldarelli and Claudio Tebaldi and Attilio Stella},
        keywords = {PACS: 87.10.+e, 02.50.-r, 05.40.+j, 64.60.Lx
},
        abstract = {In a critically self-organized model of punctuated equilibrium, boundaries determine peculiar scaling of the size distribution of evolutionary avalanches. This is derived by an inhomogeneous generalization of standard branching processes, extending previous mean field descriptions and yielding {\ensuremath{\nu}} = 1/2 together with {\ensuremath{\tau}}? = 7/4, as distribution exponent of avalanches starting from species at the ends of a food chain. For the nearest neighbor chain one obtains numerically {\ensuremath{\tau}}? = 1.25{$\pm$}0.01, and {\ensuremath{\tau}}first? = 1.35{$\pm$}0.01 for the first return times of activity, again distinct from bulk exponents.},
             url = {http://eprints.imtlucca.it/1182/}
}