?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.imtlucca.it%2F1654%2F&rft.title=Networks+of+innovators+within+and+across+borders.+Evidence+from+patent+data&rft.creator=Morescalchi%2C+Andrea&rft.creator=Pammolli%2C+Fabio&rft.creator=Penner%2C+Orion&rft.creator=Petersen%2C+Alexander+M.&rft.creator=Riccaboni%2C+Massimo&rft.subject=HB+Economic+Theory&rft.description=Recent+studies+on+the+geography+of+knowledge+networks+have+documented+a+negative+impact+of+physical+distance+and+institutional+borders+upon+research+and+development+(R%26D)+collaborations.+Though+it+is+widely+recognized+that+geographic+constraints+hamper+the+diffusion+of+knowledge%2C%0D%0Aless+attention+has+been+devoted+to+the+temporal+evolution+of+these+constraints.+In+this+study+we+use+data+on+patents+filed+with+the+European+Patent+Office+(EPO)+for+50+countries+to+analyze+the+impact+of+physical+distance+and+country+borders+on+inter-regional+links+in+four+different+networks+over+the+period+1988-2009%3A+(1)+co-inventorship%2C+(2)+patent+citations%2C+(3)+inventor+mobility+and+(4)%0D%0Athe+location+of+R%26D+laboratories.+We+find+the+constraint+imposed+by+country+borders+and+distance+decreased+until+mid-1990s+then+started+to+grow%2C+particularly+for+distance.+The+intensity+of+European+cross-country+inventor+collaborations+increased+at+a+higher+pace+than+their+non-European+counterparts+until+2004%2C+with+no+significant+relative+progress+afterwards.+Moreover%2C+when+analyzing%0D%0Anetworks+of+geographical+mobility%2C+multinational+R%26D+activities+and+patent+citations+we+do+not+depict+any+substantial+progress+in+European+research+integration+aside+from+the+influence+of+common+global+trends.&rft.publisher=IMT+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+Lucca&rft.date=2013-07&rft.type=Working+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.imtlucca.it%2F1654%2F1%2FEIC_WP_4_2013.pdf&rft.identifier=++Morescalchi%2C+Andrea+and+Pammolli%2C+Fabio+and+Penner%2C+Orion+and+Petersen%2C+Alexander+M.+and+Riccaboni%2C+Massimo++Networks+of+innovators+within+and+across+borders.+Evidence+from+patent+data.++EIC+working+paper+series++%234%2F2013++++IMT+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+Lucca++++ISSN+2279-6894.++++++