TY  - JOUR
AV  - public
TI  - A power and energy procedure in operating
photovoltaic systems to quantify the losses
according to the causes
ID  - eprints2709
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X15002935
N2  - Recently, after high feed-in tariffs in Italy, retroactive cuts in the energy payments have generated economic concern about several grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with poor performance. In this paper the proposed procedure suggests some rules for determining the sources of losses and thus minimizing poor performance in the energy production. The on-site
field inspection, the identification of the irradiance sensors, as close as possible the PV system, and the assessment of energy production are three preliminary steps which do not require experimental tests. The fourth step is to test the arrays of PV modules on-site. The fifth step is to test only the PV strings or single modules belonging to arrays with poor performance (e.g., I-V mismatch). The sixth step is to use the thermo-graphic camera and the electroluminescence at the PV-module level. The seventh step is to monitor the DC racks of each inverter or the individual inverter, if equipped with only one Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Experimental results on real PV systems show the effectiveness of this procedure.
JF  - Solar Energy
PB  - Elsevier
EP  - 326
VL  - 118
SN  - 0038-092X
SP  - 313
Y1  - 2015/08/01/
A1  - Spertino, F.
A1  - Ciocia, A.
A1  - Di Leo, P.
A1  - Tommasini, R.
A1  - Berardone, Irene
A1  - Corrado, Mauro
A1  - Infuso, Andrea
A1  - Paggi, Marco
ER  -