relation: http://eprints.imtlucca.it/3032/
title: Sleep reverts changes in human gray and white matter caused by wake-dependent training
creator: Bernardi, Giulio
creator: Cecchetti, Luca
creator: Siclari, Francesca
creator: Buchmann, Andreas
creator: Yu, Xiaoqian
creator: Handjaras, Giacomo
creator: Bellesi, Michele
creator: Ricciardi, Emiliano
creator: Kecskemeti, Steven R.
creator: Riedner, Brady A.
creator: Alexander, Andrew L.
creator: Benca, Ruth M.
creator: Ghilardi, Maria Felice
creator: Pietrini, Pietro
creator: Cirelli, Chiara
creator: Tononi, Giulio
subject: RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
description: Abstract Learning leads to rapid microstructural changes in gray (GM) and white (WM) matter. Do these changes continue to accumulate if task training continues, and can they be reverted by sleep? We addressed these questions by combining structural and diffusion weighted {MRI} and high-density {EEG} in 16 subjects studied during the physiological sleep/wake cycle, after 12 h and 24 h of intense practice in two different tasks, and after post-training sleep. Compared to baseline wake, 12 h of training led to a decline in cortical mean diffusivity. The decrease became even more significant after 24 h of task practice combined with sleep deprivation. Prolonged practice also resulted in decreased ventricular volume and increased {GM} and {WM} subcortical volumes. All changes reverted after recovery sleep. Moreover, these structural alterations predicted cognitive performance at the individual level, suggesting that sleep's ability to counteract performance deficits is linked to its effects on the brain microstructure. The cellular mechanisms that account for the structural effects of sleep are unknown, but they may be linked to its role in promoting the production of cerebrospinal fluid and the decrease in synapse size and strength, as well as to its recently discovered ability to enhance the extracellular space and the clearance of brain metabolites.
publisher: Elsevier
date: 2016
type: Article
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Bernardi, Giulio and Cecchetti, Luca and Siclari, Francesca and Buchmann, Andreas and Yu, Xiaoqian and Handjaras, Giacomo and Bellesi, Michele and Ricciardi, Emiliano and Kecskemeti, Steven R. and Riedner, Brady A. and Alexander, Andrew L. and Benca, Ruth M. and Ghilardi, Maria Felice and Pietrini, Pietro and Cirelli, Chiara and Tononi, Giulio  Sleep reverts changes in human gray and white matter caused by wake-dependent training.  NeuroImage, 129.  pp. 367-377.  ISSN 1053-8119      (2016)  
relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811916000264
relation: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.020