eprintid: 3032 rev_number: 8 eprint_status: archive userid: 69 dir: disk0/00/00/30/32 datestamp: 2016-01-28 11:37:59 lastmod: 2017-08-04 10:18:57 status_changed: 2016-01-28 11:37:59 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Bernardi, Giulio creators_name: Cecchetti, Luca creators_name: Siclari, Francesca creators_name: Buchmann, Andreas creators_name: Yu, Xiaoqian creators_name: Handjaras, Giacomo creators_name: Bellesi, Michele creators_name: Ricciardi, Emiliano creators_name: Kecskemeti, Steven R. creators_name: Riedner, Brady A. creators_name: Alexander, Andrew L. creators_name: Benca, Ruth M. creators_name: Ghilardi, Maria Felice creators_name: Pietrini, Pietro creators_name: Cirelli, Chiara creators_name: Tononi, Giulio creators_id: creators_id: luca.cecchetti@imtlucca.it creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: emiliano.ricciardi@imtlucca.it creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: pietro.pietrini@imtlucca.it creators_id: creators_id: title: Sleep reverts changes in human gray and white matter caused by wake-dependent training ispublished: pub subjects: RC0321 divisions: CSA full_text_status: none keywords: Extracellular space, Mean diffusivity, DWI, MRI, Sleep deprivation note: Available online 23 January 2016 abstract: Abstract Learning leads to rapid microstructural changes in gray (GM) and white (WM) matter. Do these changes continue to accumulate if task training continues, and can they be reverted by sleep? We addressed these questions by combining structural and diffusion weighted {MRI} and high-density {EEG} in 16 subjects studied during the physiological sleep/wake cycle, after 12 h and 24 h of intense practice in two different tasks, and after post-training sleep. Compared to baseline wake, 12 h of training led to a decline in cortical mean diffusivity. The decrease became even more significant after 24 h of task practice combined with sleep deprivation. Prolonged practice also resulted in decreased ventricular volume and increased {GM} and {WM} subcortical volumes. All changes reverted after recovery sleep. Moreover, these structural alterations predicted cognitive performance at the individual level, suggesting that sleep's ability to counteract performance deficits is linked to its effects on the brain microstructure. The cellular mechanisms that account for the structural effects of sleep are unknown, but they may be linked to its role in promoting the production of cerebrospinal fluid and the decrease in synapse size and strength, as well as to its recently discovered ability to enhance the extracellular space and the clearance of brain metabolites. date: 2016 date_type: published publication: NeuroImage volume: 129 publisher: Elsevier pagerange: 367-377 id_number: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.020 refereed: TRUE issn: 1053-8119 official_url: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811916000264 citation: Bernardi, Giulio and Cecchetti, Luca and Siclari, Francesca and Buchmann, Andreas and Yu, Xiaoqian and Handjaras, Giacomo and Bellesi, Michele and Ricciardi, Emiliano and Kecskemeti, Steven R. and Riedner, Brady A. and Alexander, Andrew L. and Benca, Ruth M. and Ghilardi, Maria Felice and Pietrini, Pietro and Cirelli, Chiara and Tononi, Giulio Sleep reverts changes in human gray and white matter caused by wake-dependent training. NeuroImage, 129. pp. 367-377. ISSN 1053-8119 (2016)