eprintid: 3484
rev_number: 9
eprint_status: archive
userid: 69
dir: disk0/00/00/34/84
datestamp: 2016-05-11 10:39:38
lastmod: 2016-05-11 10:39:38
status_changed: 2016-05-11 10:39:38
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Metulini, Rodolfo
creators_name: Tamea, Stefania
creators_name: Laio, Francesco
creators_name: Riccaboni, Massimo
creators_id: 
creators_id: 
creators_id: 
creators_id: massimo.riccaboni@imtlucca.it
title: The Water Suitcase of Migrants: Assessing Virtual Water Fluxes Associated to Human Migration
ispublished: pub
subjects: HA
subjects: HC
divisions: EIC
full_text_status: public
keywords: Economics of migration; Water resources; Economic geography; China; National security; International trade
abstract: Disentangling the relations between human migrations and water resources is relevant for food security and trade policy in water-scarce countries. It is commonly believed that human migrations are beneficial to the water endowments of origin countries for reducing the pressure on local resources. We show here that such belief is over-simplistic. We reframe the problem by considering the international food trade and the corresponding virtual water fluxes, which quantify the water used for the production of traded agricultural commodities. By means of robust analytical tools, we show that migrants strengthen the commercial links between countries, triggering trade fluxes caused by food consumption habits persisting after migration. Thus migrants significantly increase the virtual water fluxes and the use of water in the countries of origin. The flux ascribable to each migrant, i.e. the "water suitcase", is found to have increased from 321 m3/y in 1990 to 1367 m3/y in 2010. A comparison with the water footprint of individuals shows that where the water suitcase exceeds the water footprint of inhabitants, migrations turn out to be detrimental to the water endowments of origin countries, challenging the common perception that migrations tend to relieve the pressure on the local (water) resources of origin countries.
date: 2016
date_type: published
publication: PloS One
volume: 11
number: 4
publisher: Public Library of Science
pagerange: 1-13
id_number: 10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0153982
refereed: TRUE
issn: 1932-6203
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0153982
projects: CRISIS Lab
projects: FIRB project RBFR12BA3Y
citation:   Metulini, Rodolfo and Tamea, Stefania and Laio, Francesco and Riccaboni, Massimo  The Water Suitcase of Migrants: Assessing Virtual Water Fluxes Associated to Human Migration.  PloS One, 11 (4).  pp. 1-13.  ISSN 1932-6203      (2016)  
document_url: http://eprints.imtlucca.it/3484/1/journal.pone.0153982.PDF