eprintid: 3530
rev_number: 6
eprint_status: archive
userid: 6
dir: disk0/00/00/35/30
datestamp: 2016-09-12 11:00:16
lastmod: 2017-08-04 10:17:42
status_changed: 2016-09-12 11:00:16
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Cecchetti, Luca
creators_name: Ricciardi, Emiliano
creators_name: Handjaras, Giacomo
creators_name: Kupers, Ron
creators_name: Ptito, Maurice
creators_name: Pietrini, Pietro
creators_id: luca.cecchetti@imtlucca.it
creators_id: emiliano.ricciardi@imtlucca.it
creators_id: 
creators_id: 
creators_id: 
creators_id: pietro.pietrini@imtlucca.it
title: Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic structures in the human brain
ispublished: pub
subjects: RC0321
divisions: CSA
full_text_status: none
abstract: While there is ample evidence that the structure and function of visual cortical areas are affected by early visual deprivation, little is known of how early blindness modifies subcortical relay and association thalamic nuclei, as well as mesencephalic structures. Therefore, in the present multicenter study, we used MRI to measure volume of the superior and inferior colliculi, as well as of the thalamic nuclei relaying sensory and motor information to the neocortex, parcellated according to atlas-based thalamo-cortical connections, in 29 individuals with congenital blindness of peripheral origin (17 M, age 35.7 ± 14.3 years) and 29 sighted subjects (17 M, age 31.9 ± 9.0). Blind participants showed an overall volume reduction in the left (p = 0.008) and right (p = 0.007) thalami, as compared to the sighted individuals. Specifically, the lateral geniculate (i.e., primary visual thalamic relay nucleus) was 40 % reduced (left: p = 4 × 10−6, right: p < 1 × 10−6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.005), prefrontal (left: p = 0.010, right: p = 0.014), occipital (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.023), and right premotor (p = 0.024) cortical regions were also significantly reduced in the congenitally blind group. Conversely, volumes of the relay nuclei directly involved in auditory, motor, and somatosensory processing were not affected by visual deprivation. In contrast, no difference in volume was observed in either the superior or the inferior colliculus between the two groups. Our findings indicate that visual loss since birth leads to selective volumetric changes within diencephalic, but not mesencephalic, structures. Both changes in reciprocal cortico-thalamic connections or modifications in the intrinsic connectivity between relay and association nuclei of the thalamus may contribute to explain these alterations in thalamic volumes. Sparing of the superior colliculi is in line with their composite, multisensory projections, and with their not exclusive visual nature.
date: 2016
publication: Brain Structure and Function
volume: 221
number: 3
pagerange: 1465-1480
id_number: doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0984-5
refereed: TRUE
issn: 1863-2653
official_url: http://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0984-5
citation:   Cecchetti, Luca and Ricciardi, Emiliano and Handjaras, Giacomo and Kupers, Ron and Ptito, Maurice and Pietrini, Pietro  Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic structures in the human brain.  Brain Structure and Function, 221 (3).  pp. 1465-1480.  ISSN 1863-2653      (2016)