?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.imtlucca.it%2F3650%2F&rft.title=Virtual+Water+Trade+and+Bilateral+Conflicts&rft.creator=De+Angelis%2C+Enrico&rft.creator=Metulini%2C+Rodolfo&rft.creator=Bove%2C+Vincenzo&rft.creator=Riccaboni%2C+Massimo&rft.subject=HB+Economic+Theory&rft.description=In+light+of+growing+water+scarcity%2C+virtual+water%2C+or+the+water+embedded+in+key+water-intensive+commodities%2C+has+been+an+active+area+of+debate+among+practitioners+and+academics+alike.+As+of+yet%2C+however%2C+there+is+no+consensus+on+whether+water+scarcity+affects+conflict+behavior+and+we+still+lack+empirical+research+intending+to+account+for+the+role+of+virtual+water+in+affecting+the+odds+of+militarized+disputes+between+states.+Using+quantitative+methods+and+data+on+virtual+water+trade%2C+we+find+that+bilateral+and+multilateral+trade+openness+reduce+the+probability+of+war+between+any+given+pair+of+country%2C+which+is+consistent+with+the+strategic+role+of+this+important+commodity+and+the+opportunity+cost+associated+with+the+loss+of+trade+gains.+We+also+find+that+the+substantive+effect+of+virtual+water+trade+is+comparable+to+that+of+oil+and+gas%2C+the+archetypal+natural+resources%2C+in+determining+interstate+conflicts%E2%80%99+probability.&rft.publisher=IMT+School+for+Advanced+Studies+Lucca&rft.date=2017-01&rft.type=Working+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.rights=cc_by_nd&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.imtlucca.it%2F3650%2F1%2FEIC_WP_2_2017.pdf&rft.identifier=++De+Angelis%2C+Enrico+and+Metulini%2C+Rodolfo+and+Bove%2C+Vincenzo+and+Riccaboni%2C+Massimo++Virtual+Water+Trade+and+Bilateral+Conflicts.++EIC+working+paper+series++%232%2F2017++++IMT+School+for+Advanced+Studies+Lucca++++ISSN+2279-6894.++++++