?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=Policy+Research+Working+Paper+5467&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.imtlucca.it%2F672%2F&rft.title=Legislative+Malapportionment+and+Institutional+Persistence&rft.creator=Bruhn%2C+Miriam&rft.creator=Gallego%2C+Francisco+A.&rft.creator=Onorato%2C+Massimiliano+Gaetano&rft.subject=HD+Industries.+Land+use.+Labor&rft.subject=JF+Political+institutions+(General)&rft.subject=JL+Political+institutions+(America+except+United+States)&rft.description=This+paper+argues+that+legislative+malapportionment%2C+denoting+a+discrepancy+between+the+share+of+legislative+seats+and+the+share+of+population+held+by+electoral+districts%2C+serves+as+a+tool+for+pre-democratic+elites+to+preserve+their+political+power+and+economic+interests+after+a+transition+to+democracy.+The+authors+claim+that+legislative+malapportionment+enhances+the+pre-democratic+elite's+political+influence+by+over-representing+areas+that+are+more+likely+to+vote+for+parties+aligned+withthe+elite.+This+biased+political+representation+survives+in+equilibrium+as+long+as+it+helps+democratic+consolidation.+Using+data+from+Latin+America%2C+the+authors+document+empirically+that+malapportionment+increases+the+probability+of+transitioning+to+a+democracy.+Moreover%2C+the+data+show+that+over-represented+electoral+districts+are+more+likely+to+vote+for+parties+close+to+pre-democracy+ruling+groups.+The+analysis+also+finds+that+overrepresented+areas+have+lower+levels+of+political+competition+and+receive+more+transfers+per+capita+from+the+central+government%2C+both+of+which+favor+the+persistence+of+power+of+pre-democracy+elites.+&rft.publisher=World+Bank+Development+Research+Group%2C+Finance+and+Private+Sector+Development+Team&rft.date=2010-11&rft.type=Working+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=++Bruhn%2C+Miriam+and+Gallego%2C+Francisco+A.+and+Onorato%2C+Massimiliano+Gaetano++Legislative+Malapportionment+and+Institutional+Persistence.++Working+Paper+++World+Bank+Development+Research+Group%2C+Finance+and+Private+Sector+Development+Team+++++++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1702129&rft.relation=Policy+Research+Working+Paper+5467