@article{eprints800,
          author = {Xiangzhi  Zhou and Veronica Rundell and Ying Liu and Richard Tang and Rachel Klein and Saurabh Shah and Sven Zuehlsdorff and Sotirios A. Tsaftaris and Debiao Li and Rohan Dharmakumar},
       publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
         journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging},
            year = {2011},
           title = {T2-weighted STIR imaging of myocardial edema associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury: the influence of proton density effect on image contrast},
           pages = {962--967},
          number = {4},
          volume = {33},
        keywords = {T2-STIR; myocardial edema; proton density; ischemia-reperfusion injury},
        abstract = {To investigate the contribution of proton density (PD) in T2-STIR based edema imaging in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods Canines (n = 5), subjected to full occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 3 hours, underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies 2 hours postreperfusion (day 0) and on day 2. During each study, T1 and T2 maps, STIR (TE = 7.1 msec and 64 msec) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images were acquired. Using T1 and T2 maps, relaxation and PD contributions to myocardial edema contrast (EC) in STIR images at both TEs were calculated. Results Edematous territories showed significant increase in PD (20.3 {\^A}{$\pm$} 14.3\%, P {\ensuremath{<}} 0.05) relative to healthy territories. The contributions of T1 changes and T2 or PD changes toward EC were in opposite directions. One-tailed t-test confirmed that the mean T2 and PD-based EC at both TEs were greater than zero. EC from STIR images at TE = 7.1 msec was dominated by PD than T2 effects (94.3 {\^A}{$\pm$} 11.3\% vs. 17.6 {\^A}{$\pm$} 2.5\%, P {\ensuremath{<}} 0.05), while at TE = 64 msec, T2 effects were significantly greater than PD effects (90.8 {\^A}{$\pm$} 20.3\% vs. 12.5 {\^A}{$\pm$} 11.9\%, P {\ensuremath{<}} 0.05). The contribution from PD in standard STIR acquisitions (TE = 64 msec) was significantly higher than 0 (P {\ensuremath{<}} 0.05). Conclusion In addition to T2-weighting, edema detection in the setting of AMI with T2-weighted STIR imaging has a substantial contribution from PD changes, likely stemming from increased free-water content within the affected tissue. This suggests that imaging approaches that take advantage of both PD as well as T2 effects may provide the optimal sensitivity for detecting myocardial edema. },
             url = {http://eprints.imtlucca.it/800/}
}